Different methods of surveying part (B) Engineering Surveys

This type of survey is associated with the engineering design (topographic, layout and as built) often  requiring geodetic computations beyond normal civil engineering practice. It is required in planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. The equipment commonly used for this are theodolites, GNSS(GPS) and leveling instruments. Technical Data about this field explained in civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi.

Topographic or Detail Surveys:

The purpose of topographic survey is to gather survey data about the natural and manmade features of the land as well as its elevations. Maps are then prepared from this information. The work usually consists of the following: ‐Establishing horizontal and vertical control that will serve as reference points for the survey. The most accurate method of establishing the vertical control is by leveling. ‐Collecting enough horizontal and elevation of ground points to provide enough data for plotting when the map is prepared. For example, when surveying for upgrading a taxi rank, the features to be located will be: existing sidewalks, curbs, trees, island, etc. And also for a road intersection features like: kerns, road marking (white/yellow lines), islands will be located. ‐the Position and shape of natural and manmade features that may be required for the survey. Some more details of this field  civil surveyor course in rawalpindi  are as under.

Setting Out:

This is done to construct a structure accurately according to a design. The most common procedure is to establish a grid in relation to the design. Then, particular points are correctly staked out physically on site either on exact position or at a particular offset as agreed amongst parties involved.

As Built Surveys:

This type of survey is carried out during or immediately after a construction project for record, completion evaluation and payment purposes. An as built survey shows the location or position of features that have been constructed and that are subject to completion evaluation. As built surveys are usually compared to the design information. They show the difference between the constructed or built information and the design.

Areas and Volumes:

On an engineering site the measurement of areas is more often only a step in the determination of volumes although occasions do arise when areas are only required for example; Design and Costing : ‐ For capacity of the wall, volume of material within given limits, or volume required to fill an empty space. All of these are determined by doing a survey and certain calculations. TSK is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for  Pakistani Students who wants to join civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi.