LOCATING POSITION

The networking control and subsequent calculation causes an implicit system of Cartesian coordinates in the study area. Checkpoints minor, in particular can now be used to position the topographical data and control the configuration of a building design. Technical Data used in the field explained in civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi.

The methods of measurement and dimension control are likely to be the following:
(A) using polar coordinates (distance and direction) of a total station used; or
(B) using kinematic GPS methods.

Some more details of civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi are as under
Given the method (a), a total station was at a point whose coordinates are determined monitoring is known as "a", and an additional control point 'b' Back-sighted, the coordinates of which are also known. Depending on the software on board, the coordinates can be added to the total station. Alternatively, the delay line 'ab', calculated from the coordinates can be entered. Assuming the topographic position of a road is required, the total station spotted a reflector prism with a pole detail in an upright position fixed (P1) spherical, the roadside, as shown in Figures 1.7 and 1.8. Field Data BAP1 would the horizontal angle (α1) and the horizontal distance D1 (Figure 1.8). to "off" and horizontally with the distance D1, calculate the Cartesian coordinates of P1 in the specified coordinate system as a function is used by the software, the angle α1 is used to calculate the bearing of formula AP1 relationship.

This process is repeated for other points defining the roadside and other topographic data within the range of the total station. The whole area is a study like this would be done by the occupation of pairs of control points in the entire area.

For method (b), the use of GPS devices, methods are described in detail in Chapter 9: Satellite
Positioning. AFurther development is the integration of a total station with GPS. This instrument, made by Leica Geosystems and called SmartStation offers the advantages of both systems (a) and (b). If the existing control is used, the local coordinate data is copied to the Smart Station and used in conventional manner paired control points. If GPS can be used due to cover excessive trees, for example, then the total station can be used in the usual way.

Perhaps the most important aspect of this instrument is that the pairs of landmarks and
GPS position could, by the need to be found to establish a network of the last inspection,
with big savings in time and money. Alternative methods are often used for the position of individual points, crossroads where P by measuring the horizontal angle of BAP and PBA is set, this method forms the basis of triangulation. Similarly, P may be determined by measuring vertical distances AP and BP, and forms the basis of the trilateration method. In both cases, no independent control, a position P (not necessarily correct) can always be obtained. Thus, in at least one additional measurement is required, either by the angles and distances combining the angle P is generated as the cross angle control measurement or by a resection of additional control station by. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for  Pakistani Students who wants to join civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi.